Posts Tagged 'konflikter'

Fem grundpelare i ekonomisk frihet

The Economics and Ethics of Private Property

 

Den stora debatten mellan kapitalism och socialism lider av en brist på klarhet kring definitioner. Det är därför som, när Walter Block föreläste hos Mises Brasilien förra veckan, var mycket noga med att skilja mellan kumpankapitalism och äkta kapitalism. Och det är därför som frågan omedelbart kom på tal när jag blev intervjuad: Vad exakt menar du med ”kapitalism”?

Varje dag kan vi till exempel läsa om hur den Europeiska ekonomiska röran är ”kapitalismens kris”. Ursäkta? Det har gått mer än ett sekel sedan staterna lät dessa ekonomier växa av sig själva utan att klubba ned dem med regler, beskattning, plundra allmänheten, nedskräpa finansiella system med falska pengar, kartellisera producenterna, skyffla ut sociala förmåner, finansiera gigantiska offentliga arbeten och liknande.

Vissa förespråkare av marknadsfrihet menar att begreppet ”kapitalism” bör kastas ut för all framtid eftersom det orsakar förvirring. Folk kanske tror att du föredrar att använda staten för att backa upp kapital mot arbetskraft med hjälp av allmän policy, på ett sätt som stöder framstående producenter framför konsumenter eller driver på politiska prioriteringar som främjar företag över arbetskraft.

Om ett begrepp belyser en idé med noggrannhet är det bra. Om det orsakar förvirring så ändra på det. Språket utvecklas hela tiden. Ingen särskild ordning av bokstäver inbäddar en oföränderlig mening. Och vad som står på spel i denna debatt om marknadsfrihet (eller kapitalism eller laissez faire eller den fria marknaden) är av djupgående betydelse.

Det är substansen och inte ord som vi bör bry oss om. Civilisationen hänger verkligen i balans.

Här är fem centrala inslag till denna idé om marknadsfrihet eller vad du vill kalla det. Det är min korta sammanfattning av den klassiska liberala visionen av det fria samhället och dess funktion, vilken inte bara handlar om ekonomi utan hela livet självt.

Vilja. Marknader handlar om människans val på alla nivåer av samhället. Dessa val omfattar alla sektorer och varje individ. Du kan välja ditt arbete. Ingen kan tvinga dig. Samtidigt kan du inte tvinga dig på någon arbetsgivare. Ingen kan tvinga dig att köpa något, men inte heller kan du tvinga någon att sälja till dig.

Rätten att välja erkänner den oändliga mångfalden inom den mänskliga familjen (Medan den statliga politiken måste anta att människor är utbytbara enheter). Vissa människor känner en kallelse till att leva ett liv av bön och kontemplation i en gemenskap med religiöst troende. Andra har en talang för att hantera högrisk-hedgefonder. Andra föredrar konst eller redovisning, eller något annat yrke eller kall som du kan tänka dig. Vad det än är kan du göra det förutsatt att det eftersträvas på ett fredligt sätt.

Du gör val, men i dina relationer med andra är ”avtal” mottot. Detta innebär maximal frihet för alla i samhället. Det innebär också en maximal roll för vad som kallas ”de medborgerliga rättigheterna.” Det innebär yttrandefrihet, frihet att konsumera, frihet att köpa och sälja, frihet att annonsera och så vidare. Ingen uppsättning av val är rättsligt skyddade över andra.

Ägande. I en värld av oändligt överflöd skulle det inte finnas något behov av ägande. Men så länge vi lever i den materiella världen kommer det att finnas potentiella konflikter om knappa resurser. Dessa konflikter kan lösas genom att slåss över saker eller genom erkännande av äganderätt. Om vi ​​föredrar lugn över krig, vilja över våldet, produktivitet snarare än fattigdom, behöver alla knappa resurser – utan undantag – privata ägare.

Alla kan använda hans eller hennes egendom på vilket som helst fredligt sätt. Det finns inga mandat för ackumulation eller begränsningar för ackumulering. Samhället kan inte förklara vem som helst som för rik eller förbjuda frivillig estetik genom att förklara vem som helst för fattig. Inte vid något tillfälle kan vem som helst ta vad är ditt utan din tillåtelse. Du kan tilldela äganderättigheter till arvtagare efter att du dör.

Socialismen är verkligen inte ett alternativ i den materiella världen. Det kan inte finnas något kollektivt ägande av någonting som är materiellt sällsynt. En eller annan fraktion kommer att hävda sin kontroll i samhällets namn. Fraktionen kommer oundvikligen vara den mest kraftfulla i samhället – det vill säga staten. Det är därför som alla försök att skapa socialism i sällsynta varor eller tjänster utvecklas till totalitära system.

Samarbete. Viljan och ägande beviljar rätten till någon att leva i ett tillstånd av ren självförsörjning. Å andra sidan kommer du inte långt med det. Du kommer att vara fattig och ditt liv kommer att bli kort. Människor behöver människor för att få ett bättre liv. Vi bedriver handel till ömsesidig förbättring. Vi samarbetar i arbetet. Vi utvecklar varje form av samarbete med varandra: kommersiella, familjära och religiösa. För oss alla förbättras våra liv genom vår förmåga att samarbeta i någon form med andra människor.

I ett samhälle baserat på vilja, ägande och samarbete, utvecklas nätverk av mänskligt samarbete över tid och rum för att skapa komplexiteterna hos den sociala och ekonomiska ordningen. Ingen är befälhavare över någon annan. Om vi ​​vill lyckas i livet kommer vi att värdera tjänandet av varandra på de bästa sätt vi kan. Företag tjänar konsumenterna. Chefer tjänar anställda precis som anställda tjänar företag.

Ett fritt samhälle är ett samhälle av utökad vänskap. Det är ett samhälle baserat på service och välvilja.

Lärande. Ingen föds in i denna värld vetandes mycket om någonting. Vi lär oss från våra föräldrar och lärare, men ännu viktigare, vi lär oss av de oändliga bitar av information som kommer till oss varje ögonblick av dagen alla under hela våra liv. Vi observerar framgång och misslyckande hos andra och vi är fria att acceptera eller förkasta dessa erfarenheter som vi vill. I ett fritt samhälle är vi fria att efterlikna andra, ackumulera och tillämpa visdom, läsa och absorbera idéer och extrahera information från vilken källa som helst och anpassa det för eget bruk.

All information vi stöter på i våra liv, förutsatt att de erhålls utan tvång, är en fri vara som inte omfattas av gränserna för brist, eftersom den är oändligt kopierbar. Du kan äga den och jag kan äga den och alla kan äga utan någon gräns.

Här finner vi den ”socialistiska” sidan av det kapitalistiska systemet. Recepten för framgång och misslyckande finns överallt och tillgängliga för att ta. Det är därför själva begreppet ”intellektuell egendom” är skadligt för frihet: Det innebär alltid att tvinga människor och därmed bryta mot principerna fri vilja, äkta ägande och samarbete.

Konkurrens. När människor tänker på kapitalismen är konkurrensen kanske den första idén som dom kommer att tänka på. Men idén är allmänt missförstådd. Det betyder inte att det måste finnas flera leverantörer av varje vara eller tjänst, eller att det måste finnas ett visst antal producenter av någonting. Det betyder bara att det inte bör finnas några rättsliga (tvingande) gränser för hur vi tillåts att tjäna varandra. Och det finns verkligen oändliga sätt varpå detta kan ske.

I idrott har konkurrensen ett mål: att vinna. Tävlingen har också ett mål i marknadsekonomin: service till konsumenten genom ständigt ökande grad av förträfflighet. Denna förträfflighet kan komma från tillhandahållandet av bättre och billigare produkter eller tjänster, eller genom att erbjuda nya innovationer som svarar mot människors behov på ett bättre sätt än befintliga produkter eller tjänster. Det betyder inte att “döda” konkurrensen, utan det innebär att sträva efter att göra ett bättre jobb än någon annan.

Varje tävlingsinriktad handling är en risk, ett språng in i en okänd framtid. Om bedömningen var rätt eller fel ratificeras av systemet för vinst och förlust, signaler som fungerar som objektiva mått för huruvida resurserna används klokt eller inte. Dessa signaler kommer från priser som faststäls fritt på marknaden – det vill säga att de återspeglar tidigare överenskommelser mellan väljande individer.

Till skillnad från idrott så finns det ingen slutpunkt för tävlingen. Det är en process som aldrig tar slut. Det finns ingen slutgiltig vinnare; det pågår en omväxling av förträfflighet mellan spelarna. Och vem som helst kan delta i spelet förutsatt att dom gör det fredligt.

Sammanfattningsvis, här har vi det: vilja, ägande, samarbete, lärande och konkurrens. Det är kapitalismen som jag förstår den, som den beskrivs i den klassiska liberala traditionen som förbättrats av de Österrikiska sociala teoretikerna på 1900-talet. Det är inte ett system lika mycket som en social miljö för alla tider och platser som gynnar mänskligt blomstrande.

Det är inte svårt att urskilja mitt politiska synsätt: Om det passar ihop med dessa grundpelare så är jag för det; om inte så är jag emot det. Nu säger du till mig: “Är krisen i Europa eller USA:s egna kris verkligen en kapitalismens kris?” Tvärtom. En äkta kapitalism är svaret på de största problemen i världen idag.

Följande artikel är en översättning och omarbetad version av Jeffrey Tuckers ”Five Pillars of Economic Freedom” från den 7:e maj 2012.


DOOM4

En blogg om filosofi, ekonomi, språk, musik, konst och litteratur.
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Ludwig von Mises On the So-Called Liberals of Today

“The so-called liberals of today have the very popular idea that freedom of speech, of thought, of the press, freedom of religion, freedom from imprisonment without trial – that all these freedoms can be preserved in the absence of what is called economic freedom. They do not realize that, in a system where there is no market, where the government directs everything, all those other freedoms are illusory, even if they are made into laws and written in constitutions.”

–Ludwig von Mises, Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow (1979)

Murray N. Rothbard on Economic Ignorance

“It is no crime to be ignorant of economics, which is, after all, a specialized discipline and one that most people consider to be a ‘dismal science.’ But it is totally irresponsible to have a loud and vociferous opinion on economic subjects while remaining in this state of ignorance.”

–Murray N. Rothbard

Ludwig von Mises on the Process of the Hyperinflationary Breakdown of A Currency

"The emancipation of commerce from a money which is proving more and more useless in this way begins with the expulsion of the money from hoards. People begin at first to hoard other money instead so as to have marketable goods at their disposal for unforeseen future needs - perhaps precious-metal money and foreign notes, and sometimes also domestic notes of other kinds which have a higher value because they cannot be increased by the State '(e.g.the Romanoff rouble in Russia or the 'blue' money of communist Hungary); then ingots, precious stones, and pearls; even pictures, other objects of art, and postage stamps. A further step is the adoption of foreign currency or metallic money (i.e. for all practical purposes, gold) in credit transactions. Finally, when the domestic currency ceases to be used in retail trade, wages as well have to be paid in some other way than in pieces of paper which are then no longer good for anything.

The collapse of an inflation policy carried to its extreme - as in the United States in 1781 and in France in 1796 does not destroy the monetary system, but only the credit money or fiat money of the State that has overestimated the effectiveness of its own policy. The collapse emancipates commerce from etatism and establishes metallic money again."

–Ludwig von Mises, The Theory of Money and Credit

Ludwig von Mises On Hyperinflation

"The characteristic mark of the phenomenon is that the increase in the quantity of money causes a fall in the demand for money. The tendency toward a fall in purchasing power as generated by the increased supply of money is intensified by the general propensity to restrict cash holdings which it brings about. Eventually a point is reached where the prices at which people would be prepared to part with "real" goods discount to such an extent the expected progress in the fall of purchasing power that nobody has a sufficient amount of cash at hand to pay them. The monetary system breaks down; all transactions in the money concerned cease; a panic makes its purchasing power vanish altogether. People return either to barter or to the use of another kind of money."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises On the Policy of Devaluation

"If the government does not care how far foreign exchange rates may rise, it can for some time continue to cling to credit expansion. But one day the crack-up boom will annihilate its monetary system. On the other hand, if the authority wants to avoid the necessity of devaluing again and again at an accelerated pace, it must arrange its domestic credit policy in such a way as not to outrun in credit expansion the other countries against which it wants to keep its domestic currency at par."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Austrian Economics

"What distinguishes the Austrian School and will lend it everlasting fame is its doctrine of economic action, in contrast to one of economic equilibrium or nonaction."

–Ludwig von Mises, Notes and Recollections

Ludwig von Mises on Austrian Economics

"The main and only concern of the Austrian economists was to contribute to the advancement of economics. They never tried to win the support of anybody by other means than by the convincing power developed in their books and articles."

–Ludwig von Mises, Austrian Economics: An Anthology

Ludwig von Mises on Business Cycles

"True, governments can reduce the rate of interest in the short run. They can issue additional paper money. They can open the way to credit expansion by the banks. They can thus create an artificial boom and the appearance of prosperity. But such a boom is bound to collapse soon or late and to bring about a depression."

–Ludwig von Mises, Omnipotent Government

Ludwig von Mises on Business Cycles

"The wavelike movement effecting the economic system, the recurrence of periods of boom which are followed by periods of depression is the unavoidable outcome of the attempts, repeated again and again, to lower the gross market rate of interest by means of credit expansion."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Business Cycles

"The cyclical fluctuations of business are not an occurrence originating in the sphere of the unhampered market, but a product of government interference with business conditions designed to lower the rate of interest below the height at which the free market would have fixed it."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Business Cycles

"The ultimate cause, therefore, of the phenomenon of wave after wave of economic ups and downs is ideological in character. The cycles will not disappear so long as people believe that the rate of interest may be reduced, not through the accumulation of capital, but by banking policy."

–Ludwig von Mises, On the Manipulation of Money and Credit

Ludwig von Mises on Business Cycles

"The boom produces impoverishment. But still more disastrous are its moral ravages. It makes people despondent and dispirited. The more optimistic they were under the illusory prosperity of the boom, the greater is their despair and their feeling of frustration."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Credit Expansion

"Credit expansion can bring about a temporary boom. But such a fictitious prosperity must end in a general depression of trade, a slump."

–Ludwig von Mises, Planned Chaos

Ludwig von Mises on Human Action

"Human action is purposeful behavior."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Human Action

"Action is purposive conduct. It is not simply behavior, but behavior begot by judgments of value, aiming at a definite end and guided by ideas concerning the suitability or unsuitability of definite means. . . . It is conscious behavior. It is choosing. It is volition; it is a display of the will."

–Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science

Ludwig von Mises on Human Action

"Action is an attempt to substitute a more satisfactory state of affairs for a less satisfactory one. We call such a willfully induced alteration an exchange."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Human Action

"Mans striving after an improvement of the conditions of his existence impels him to action. Action requires planning and the decision which of various plans is the most advantageous."

–Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science

Ludwig von Mises On ”I and We”

"The We cannot act otherwise than each of them acting on his own behalf. They can either all act together in accord; or one of them may act for them all. In the latter case the cooperation of the others consists in their bringing about the situation which makes one man's action effective for them too. Only in this sense does the officer of a social entity act for the whole; the individual members of the collective body either cause or allow a single man's action to concern them too."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises On The Individual and Changing Features of Human Action

"Common man does not speculate about the great problems. With regard to them he relies upon other people's authority, he behaves as "every decent fellow must behave," he is like a sheep in the herd. It is precisely this intellectual inertia that characterizes a man as a common man. Yet the common man does choose. He chooses to adopt traditional patterns or patterns adopted by other people because he is convinced that this procedure is best fitted to achieve his own welfare. And he is ready to change his ideology and consequently his mode of action whenever he becomes convinced that this would better serve his own interests."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Murray N. Rothbard On the Professional Intellectual Classes

"In all societies, public opinion is determined by the intellectual classes, the opinion moulders of society. For most people neither originate nor disseminate ideas and concepts; on the contrary, they tend to adopt those ideas promulgated by the professional intellectual classes, the professional dealers in ideas."

–Murray N. Rothbard, For A New Liberty

Ludwig von Mises on Cause and Effect

"Cognizance of the relation between a cause and its effect is the first step toward mans orientation in the world and is the intellectual condition of any successful activity."

–Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science

Ludwig von Mises on Economic Calculation

"Monetary calculation and cost accounting constitute the most important intellectual tool of the capitalist entrepreneur, and it was no one less than Goethe who pronounced the system of double-entry bookkeeping one of the finest inventions of the human mind."

–Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism: The Classical Tradition

Ludwig von Mises on Economics as Abstract Reasoning

“Economics, like logic and mathematics, is a display of abstract reasoning. Economics can never be experimental and empirical. The economist does not need an expensive apparatus for the conduct of his studies. What he needs is the power to think clearly and to discern in the wilderness of events what is essential from what is merely accidental.”

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Individual Rational Action

"All rational action is in the first place individual action. Only the individual thinks. Only the individual reasons. Only the individual acts."

–Ludwig von Mises, Socialism.

Ludwig von Mises on Entrepreneurship

"The consumers suffer when the laws of the country prevent the most efficient entrepreneurs from expanding the sphere of their activities. What made some enterprises develop into big business was precisely their success in filling best the demand of the masses."

–Ludwig von Mises, Planned Chaos

Ludwig von Mises on the Gold Standard

“If our civilization will not in the next years or decades completely collapse, the gold standard will be restored.”

–Ludwig von Mises, (1965)

Murray N. Rothbard On the Gold Standard

“Gold was not selected arbitrarily by governments to be the monetary standard. Gold had developed for many centuries on the free market as the best money; as the commodity providing the most stable and desirable monetary medium.”

–Murray N. Rothbard

Detlev Schlichter on the Gold Standard

"But I don’t believe the best solution would be to go back to a government-run gold standard. We should not trust politicians and bureaucrats with money, certainly never again with entirely unconstrained fiat money, but probably not even with a monetary system that comes with the strait jacket of an official gold standard. I would argue instead for the complete separation of money and state, and for an entirely private monetary system. Let the market decide what should be money and how much there should be of it. I do strongly believe that gold would again play an important role in such a system. After all, gold and silver have been chosen forms of money for thousands of years, in all cultures and societies. That is what the trading public always went for when it was free to choose."

–Detlev Schlichter, The Schlichter Files

Detlev Schlichter on Paper Money

"Wall Street, the media, academia, and, of course the Fed, are strongly on the side of fiat money."

–Detlev Schlichter, The Schlichter Files

Detlev Schlichter on the Media and Academia

"Media and academia are mainly pro-state, pro-politics, anti-gold"

–Detlev Schlichter, The Schlichter Files

Ludwig von Mises on Banking

"There was no reason whatever to abandon the principle of free enterprise in the field of banking."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Banking

"It is extremely difficult for our contemporaries to conceive of the conditions of free banking because they take government interference with banking for granted and as necessary."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Banking

"What is needed to prevent any further credit expansion is to place the banking business under the general rules of commercial and civil laws compelling every individual and firm to fulfill all obligations in full compliance with the terms of the contract."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Corrupt Politicians, Professors and Union Bosses

"Those politicians, professors and union bosses who curse big business are fighting for a lower standard of living."

–Ludwig von Mises, Theory and History

Ludwig von Mises on Capital

"Profit-seeking business is compelled to employ the most efficient methods of production. What checks a businessmans endeavors to improve the equipment of his firm is only lack of capital."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Capital

"When pushed hard by economists, some welfare propagandists and socialists admit that impairment of the average standard of living can only be avoided by the maintenance of capital already accumulated and that economic improvement depends on accumulation of additional capital."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Capital

"History does not provide any example of capital accumulation brought about by a government. As far as governments invested in the construction of roads, railroads, and other useful public works, the capital needed was provided by the savings of individual citizens and borrowed by the government."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Capital

"The characteristic mark of economic history under capitalism is unceasing economic progress, a steady increase in the quantity of capital goods available, and a continuous trend toward an improvement in the general standard of living."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Capital

"Capitalism is essentially a system of mass production for the satisfaction of the needs of the masses. It pours a horn of plenty upon the common man. It has raised the average standard of living to a height never dreamed of in earlier ages. It has made accessible to millions of people enjoyments which a few generations ago were only within the reach of a small elite."

–Ludwig von Mises, The Anti-Capitalistic Mentality

Ludwig von Mises on Laissez Faire

"If one rejects laissez faire on account of mans fallibility and moral weakness, one must for the same reason also reject every kind of government action."

–Ludwig von Mises, Planning for Freedom

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy

"The ultimate basis of an all around bureaucratic system is violence."

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy

"Bureaucratic management is management of affairs which cannot be checked by economic calculation."

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy and Economic Calculation

"A bureaucrat differs from a nonbureaucrat precisely because he is working in a field in which it is impossible to appraise the result of a mans effort in terms of money."

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy

"Nobody can be at the same time a correct bureaucrat and an innovator."

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy

"Seen from the point of view of the particular group interests of the bureaucrats, every measure that makes the governments payroll swell is progress."

–Ludwig von Mises, Planning for Freedom

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy

"The bureaucrat is not free to aim at improvement. He is bound to obey rules and regulations established by a superior body. He has no right to embark upon innovations if his superiors do not approve of them. His duty and his virtue is to be obedient."

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy

"Only to bureaucrats can the idea occur that establishing new offices, promulgating new decrees, and increasing the number of government employees alone can be described as positive and beneficial measures."

–Ludwig von Mises, Omnipotent Government

Ludwig von Mises on Bureaucracy and Government Interventions

"The trend toward bureaucratic rigidity is not inherent in the evolution of business. It is an outcome of government meddling with business."

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Government’s War on the Creative Genius

“A genius is precisely a man who defies all schools and rules, who deviates from the traditional roads of routine and opens up new paths through land inaccessible before….But, on the other hand, the government can bring about conditions which paralyze the efforts of a creative spirit and prevent him from rendering useful services to the community.”

–Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy

Ludwig von Mises on Why Classical Liberalism Rejects War

“The liberal critique of the argument in favor of war is fundamentally different from that of the humanitarians. It starts from the premise that not war, but peace, is the father of all things. What alone enables mankind to advance and distinguishes man from the animals is social cooperation. It is labor alone that is productive: it creates wealth and therewith lays the outward foundations for the inward flowering of man. War only destroys; it cannot create. War, carnage, destruction, and devastation we have in common with the predatory beasts of the jungle; constructive labor is our distinctively human characteristic.”

–Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism: The Classical Tradition

Ludwig von Mises on Sound Money

“It is impossible to grasp the meaning of the idea of sound money if one does not realize that it was devised as an instrument for the protection of civil liberties against despotic inroads on the part of governments. Ideologically it belongs in the same class with political constitutions and bills of rights. The demand for constitutional guarantees and for bills of rights was a reaction against arbitrary rule and the nonobservance of old customs by kings. The postulate of sound money was first brought up as a response to the princely practice of debasing the coinage.”

–Ludwig von Mises. The Theory of Money and Credit

Murray N. Rothbard on Recovering from Economic Depressions

“It should be clear that any governmental interference with the depression process can only prolong it, thus making things worse from almost everyone’s point of view. Since the depression process is the recovery process, any halting or slowing down of the process impedes the advent of recovery. The depression readjustments must work themselves out before recovery can be complete. The more these readjustments are delayed, the longer the depression will have to last, and the longer complete recovery is postponed.”

–Murray N. Rothbard, Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market

Hans-Hermann Hoppe on Socialized Health Care

“With the socialization of the health care system through institutions such as Medicaid and Medicare and the regulation of the insurance industry (by restricting an insurer’s right of refusal: to exclude any individual risk as uninsurable, and discriminate freely, according to actuarial methods, between different group risks) a monstrous machinery of wealth and income redistribution at the expense of responsible individuals and low-risk groups in favor of irresponsible actors and high-risk groups has been put in motion.”

–Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Democracy: The God That Failed

Ludwig von Mises on Civilization

"What distinguishes man from animals is the insight into the advantages that can be derived from cooperation under the division of labor."

–Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

Ludwig von Mises on Civilization

"Civilization is a work of peaceful co-operation."

–Ludwig von Mises, Socialism

Ludwig von Mises on Civilization

"The foundation of any and every civilization, including our own, is private ownership of the means of production. Whoever wishes to criticize modern civilization, therefore, begins with private property."

–Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism

Ludwig von Mises on the Market Economy

"In the unhampered market economy there are no privileges, no protection of vested interests, no barriers preventing anybody from striving after any prize."

–Ludwig von Mises, Theory and History

Ludwig von Mises on Liberalism

"Liberalism champions private property in the means of production because it expects a higher standard of living from such an economic organization, not because it wishes to help the owners."

–Ludwig von Mises, Socialism

Ludwig von Mises on Liberalism

"That Liberalism aims at the protection of property and that it rejects war are two expressions of one and the same principle."

–Ludwig von Mises, Socialism